Main Article Content
Abstract
The relationship between adolescents and digital technologies is a widely debated topic, often framed in terms of prohibitionist approaches on one hand, and digital empowerment on the other. However, as digital engagement becomes an integral part of everyday life, fostering critical thinking and responsible media use appears more effective than restrictive strategies. This paper presents a Media Education project aimed at empowering adolescents in their use of digital tools. The educational intervention was conducted in a lower secondary school, involving 238 students, and included interactive classroom sessions, debates, and playful activities such as video games and avatar creation. The pedagogical approach prioritised active student participation over traditional top-down instruction. A final questionnaire assessed both student satisfaction and the skills acquired. Results from correlation analysis and MANOVA indicate that interactive and playful activities significantly contributed to overall course satisfaction. These findings support recent theories suggesting that playful, participatory learning environments enhance students’ motivation and interest, promoting their immersion in educational contexts.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author declares that the submitted to Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society (Je-LKS) is original and that is has neither been published previously nor is currently being considered for publication elsewhere.
The author agrees that SIe-L (Italian Society of e-Learning) has the right to publish the material sent for inclusion in the journal Je-LKS.
The author agree that articles may be published in digital format (on the Internet or on any digital support and media) and in printed format, including future re-editions, in any language and in any license including proprietary licenses, creative commons license or open access license. SIe-L may also use parts of the work to advertise and promote the publication.
The author declares s/he has all the necessary rights to authorize the editor and SIe-L to publish the work.
The author assures that the publication of the work in no way infringes the rights of third parties, nor violates any penal norms and absolves SIe-L from all damages and costs which may result from publication.
The author declares further s/he has received written permission without limits of time, territory, or language from the rights holders for the free use of all images and parts of works still covered by copyright, without any cost or expenses to SIe-L.
For all the information please check the Ethical Code of Je-LKS, available at http://www.je-lks.org/index.php/ethical-code
References
- Arvidsson, A., & Delfanti, A. (2024). Introduzione ai media digitali (3rd ed.). Il Mulino.
- Atwood, R. M., Beckert, T. E., & Rhodes, M. R. (2017). Adolescent problematic digital behaviors associated with mobile devices. North American Journal of Psychology, 19(3), 659–684. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-54123-010
- Bazalgette, C., Bevort, E., & Savino, J. (1992). New directions: Media education worldwide. BFI.
- boyd, d. (2007). Why youth ♥ social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (Ed.), Youth, identity, and digital media (pp. 119–142). The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/22hq2
- Buckingham, D. (2003). Media education: Literacy, learning and contemporary culture. Polity.
- Buckingham, D. (2019). The media education manifesto. John Wiley & Sons.
- Chang-Hoan, C., & Cheon, H. J. (2005). Children’s exposure to negative internet content: Effects of family context. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(4), 488–509. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4904_8
- Chaplinska, I., Nikken, P., Brons, H., Smixioti, E., Jertberg, R. M., Koning, I., Mary, S. M., Edelaar-Peeters, Y. & Schuengel, C. (2026). Scoping review of research on evidence-based digital media interventions for youth. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 13, Article 102924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102924
- Chiner, E., Gómez-Puerta, M., Mengual-Andrés, S., & Merma-Molina, G. (2025). Teacher and school mediation for online risk prevention and management: Fostering sustainable education in the digital age. Sustainability, 17(8), Article 3711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083711
- Davidson, J., Martellozzo, E., & Lorenz, M. (2009). Evaluation of CEOP ThinkUKnow internet safety programme and exploration of young people’s internet safety knowledge. Centre for Abuse & Trauma Studies and Kingston University. https://uel-repository.worktribe.com/output/479646
- De Abreu, B. S., Mihailidis, P., Lee, A. Y. L., Melki, J., & McDougall, J. (Eds.). (2017). International handbook of media literacy education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315628110
- Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Macmillan.
- Di Bari, C., & Mariani, A. (2018). Media education 0-6: Le tecnologie digitali nella prima infanzia tra critica e creatività. Anicia.
- d'Haenens, L., Vissenberg, J., Puusepp, M., Edisherashvili, N., Martinez-Castro, D., Helsper, E. J., Tomczyk, Ł., Azadi, T., Opozda-Suder, S., Maksniemi, E., Spurava, G., Salmela-Aro, K., Sormanen, N., Tiihonen, S., Wilska, T., Hietajärvi, L., Martínez, G., Larrañaga, N., Garmendia, M., … Sepielak, D. (2025). Fostering media literacy: A systematic evidence review of intervention effectiveness for diverse target groups. Media and Communication, 13, Article 8901. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8901
- Eyal, K., & Te’eni-Harari, T. (2024). Systematic review: Characteristics and outcomes of in-school digital media literacy interventions, 2010-2021. Journal of Children and Media, 18(1), 8–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2265510
- Felini, D. (2019). Pedagogia dei media: Questioni, percorsi e sviluppi. Scholé.
- Frau-Meigs, D., Kotilainen, S., Pathak-Shelat, F., Hoechsmann, M., & Poyntz, S. R. (Eds.). (2020). The handbook of media education research. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119166900
- Gabbiadini, A., & Andrighetto, L. (2021). Sé e identità nei media digitali. In M. G. Pacilli, I. Giovanenelli, & F. Spaccatini (Eds.), Psicologia sociale dei media digitali (pp. 37–72). Maggioli Editore.
- Gardner, H. (2011). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences (3rd ed.). Basic Books.
- Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Gonnet, J. (1997). Éducation et médias. Presses Universitaires de France.
- Hobbs, R., & Jensen, A. (2009). The past, present, and future of media literacy education. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-1-1-1
- Hoechsmann, M., & Poyntz, S. R. (2012). Media literacies: A critical introduction. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444344158
- Iaderosa, A., Rubatto, S., Tantardini, N., Croce, M., & Gabutti, E. (2020). La patente per l’uso consapevole dello smartphone. Progetto interistituzionale per la prevenzione e il contrasto al fenomeno del cyberbullismo In G. Di Ioia (Ed.), Prevenire, valutare e contrastare bullismo e cyberbullismo (pp. 121–130). Erickson.
- ISTAT. (2024). Le competenze digitali dei cittadini – Anno 2023. https://www.istat.it/comunicato-stampa/le-competenze-digitali-dei-cittadini-anno-2023
- Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. NYU Press.
- Kemp, S. (2025). Digital report 2025. We Are Social & Meltwater. https://datareportal.com/library
- Kotilainen, S., & Arnolds-Granlund, S.-B. (Eds.). (2010). Media literacy education: Nordic perspectives. Nordicom.
- Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150802437396
- Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children: full findings and policy implications from the EU Kids Online survey of 9-16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries. EU Kids Online. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/33731/
- Mascheroni, G., & Ólafsson, K. (2018). Accesso, usi, rischi e opportunità di internet per i ragazzi italiani: I primi risultati di EU Kids Online 2017. EU Kids Online. https://mim.gov.it/documents/20182/0/La+ricerca.pdf/
- Masterman, L. (1985). Teaching the media. Routledge.
- McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (2000). Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the internet for personality and social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(1), 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0401_6
- McLuhan, M. (1970). Education in the electronic age. Interchange, 1, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02214876
- Pacilli, M. G., Giovannelli, I., & Spaccatini, F. (Eds.). (2021). Psicologia sociale dei media digitali. Maggioli Editore.
- Parola, A. (Ed.). (2008). Territori mediaeducativi: Scenari, sperimentazioni e progetti nella scuola e nell’extrascuola. Erickson.
- Pellai, A., Rinaldin, V., & Tamborini, B. (2012). Educazione tra pari: Manuale teorico-pratico di empowered peer education. Erickson.
- Plass, J. L., Homer, B. D., & Kinzer, C. K. (2015). Foundations of game-based learning. Educational Psychologist, 50(4), 258–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2015.1122533
- Postman, N. (1979). Teaching as a conserving activity. Delacorte Press.
- Riva, C. (2017). Giovani e competenze digitali. In C. Pattaro, C. Riva, & C. Tosolini (Eds.), Sguardi digitali: Studenti, docenti e nuovi media (pp. 71–83). FrancoAngeli.
- Rivoltella, P. C. (2019). Media education: Idea, metodo, ricerca. Scholé.
- Rivoltella, P. C., & Ferrari, S. (Eds.). (2010). A scuola con i media digitali: Problemi, didattiche, strumenti. Vita e Pensiero.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
- Sun, J., Yang, Z., Chen, S., & Deng, R. (2024). Exploring the disparity in digital media literacy between urban and rural primary school students: Insights from an empirical study in China. Frontiers of Digital Education, 1(2), 178–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44366-024-0003-1
- Todino, M. D., & Di Tore, S. (2025). Media education. Encyclopedia, 5(1), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5010012
- Turkle, S. (2011). Life on the Screen: Identity in the age of the internet. Simon & Schuster.
- van Dijck, J., Poell, T., & de Waal, M. (2018). The platform society: Public values in a connective world. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001
- Vial, S. (2019). Being and the screen: How the digital changes perception. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10305.001.0001
- Volpi, B. (2017). Genitori digitali: Crescere i propri figli nell’era di internet. Il Mulino.
- Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S., & Punie, Y. (2022). DigComp 2.2: The digital competence framework for citizens – With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/115376
- Walther, J. B. (2015). Social information processing theory: Impressions and relationship development online. In L. A. Baxter & D. O. Braithwaite (Eds.), Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives (pp. 417–428). SAGE Publications.
